Speaker's reference, semantic reference, sneaky reference

According to what is perhaps the dominant picture of reference, a referential term refers in context determined by speaker intends for her audience identify as referent. I argue that this sort broadly Gricean view entails, counterintuitively, it impossible knowingly use terms ways one expects or be misunderstood. Then sketch an alternative which can better account such opaque uses language, call “sneaky reference.” close reflecting on ramifications these arguments theory meaning more broadly.